Pressurizer tool

Increase your profits and eliminate downtime associated with slow-flow caused by cold weather! The All-Line Equipment Fuel Line Repressurizer maintains pressure in the fuel line, even when the products are rarely used, preventing mechanical leak detectors from sounding false alarms. How much have false alarms and subsequent service technician visits cost you? Existing leak detectors are compatible with our product, and our product's periodic running of the product pumps will not interfere with them.

Leaks will still be accurately reported by any system equipped with our unit. This energy occasionally escapes from the surface of the liquid and moves into the atmosphere.

When molecules move into the atmosphere, the molecules are in the gaseous, or vapor, state. Liquids at a high temperature have more molecules escaping to the vapor state, because the molecules can escape only at higher speeds. If the liquid is in a closed container, the space above the liquid becomes saturated with vapor molecules, although some of the molecules return to the liquid state as they slow down.

The return of a vapor to a liquid state is called condensation. When the amount of molecules that condense is equal to the amount of molecules that evaporate, there is a dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and the vapor.

Pressure exerted on the surface of a liquid by a vapor is called vapor pressure. Vapor pressure increases with the temperature of the liquid until it reaches saturation pressure, at which time the liquid boils. When a liquid evaporates, it loses its most energetic molecules, and the average energy per molecule in the system is lowered.

This causes a reduction in the temperature of the liquid. Boiling is the activity observed in a liquid when it changes from the liquid phase to the vapor phase through the addition of heat. The term saturated liquid is used for a liquid that exists at its boiling point. Water at o F and standard atmospheric pressure is an example of a saturated liquid. Saturated steam is steam at the same temperature and pressure as the water from which it was formed. It is water, in the form of a saturated liquid, to which the latent heat of vaporization has been added.

When heat is added to a saturated steam that is not in contact with liquid, its temperature is increased and the steam is superheated. The temperature of superheated steam, expressed as degrees above saturation, is called degrees of superheat. The pressurizer provides a point in the reactor system where liquid and vapor can be maintained in equilibrium under saturated conditions, for control purposes.

Although designs differ from facility to facility, a typical pressurizer is designed for a maximum of about psi and o F. A dynamic pressurizer is constructed from a tank equipped with a heat source such as electric heaters at its base, a source of cool water, and a spray nozzle.

A spray nozzle is a device located in the top of the pressurizer that is used to atomize the incoming water. A dynamic pressurizer must be connected in the system to allow a differential pressure to exist across it. The bottom connection, also called the surge line, is the lower of the two pressure lines. The top connection, referred to as the spray line, is the higher pressure line.

Differential pressure is obtained by connecting the pressurizer to the suction and discharge sides of the pump servicing the particular system. A basic pressurizer is illustrated in Figure The hemispherical top and bottom heads are usually constructed of carbon steel, with austenitic stainless steel cladding on all surfaces exposed to the reactor system water. Water pressure in a closed system tracks water temperature directly; as the temperature goes up, pressure goes up. Part of the pressurizer system is an over-pressure relief system.

In the event that pressurizer pressure exceeds a certain maximum, there is a relief valve called the pilot-operated relief valve PORV on top of the pressurizer which opens to allow steam from the steam bubble to leave the pressurizer in order to reduce the pressure in the pressurizer, thus leads to reduction of pressure in the whole system.

This steam is routed to a large relief tank in the reactor containment building where it is cooled and condensed back into liquid and stored for later disposition. There is a finite volume to these tanks and if events deteriorate to the point where the tanks fill up, a secondary pressure relief device on the tank s , often a rupture disc, allows the condensed reactor coolant to spill out onto the floor of the reactor containment building where it pools in sumps for later disposition.

The safety valves system is used to emergency pressure reduction during emergency conditions. Since the reactor coolant system is completely flooded during normal operations, there is no point in monitoring coolant level in any of the other vessels.

But early awareness of a reduction of coolant level or a loss of coolant is very important to the safety of the reactor core. The pressurizer is deliberately located high in the reactor containment building such that, if the pressurizer has sufficient coolant in it, one can be reasonably certain that all the other vessels of the reactor coolant system which are below it are fully flooded with coolant. There is therefore, a coolant level monitoring system on the pressurizer and it is the one reactor coolant system vessel that is normally not full of coolant.

Search Search. A pressurizer is a component of a pressurized water reactor. Pressure in the primary circuit of PWRs is maintained by a pressurizer , a separate vessel that is connected to the primary circuit hot leg and partially filled with water which is heated to the saturation temperature boiling point for the desired pressure by submerged electrical heaters.

Gas Compression in Pressurizer. During the plant heatup the pressurizer can be filled by nitrogen instead of saturated steam. Solution: Since the gas is ideal,we can use the ideal gas law to relate its parameters, both in the initial state i and in the final state f.