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We are faster and more constant than scraping Google Patents they do things to purposely break you crawlers and we don't rate limit you. We are way cheaper and more convenient than downloading and maintaining you own database. Figure 8 shows the back-calculation from the sensor output to calculate the pressure. The applied pressure is illustrated in the first graph.

The second graph shows the measured output voltage of the sensor. The deviations between the predicted values derived from the exponential function and the measured values induced by a pressure change are shown in the third chart. Finally, an integration of the deviations is plotted in the last chart.

It can be seen that the voltage progress is proportional to the applied pressure. To provide a stable solution for a pen and touch tracking, it is preferred to combine the above described foil design with an additional dot pattern, as provided, for example, by ANOTO RTM.

The pen and touch separation is realized through software-based processing. A combined input driver analyses both pen and touch input data synchronously. Whenever a new touch is performed, the input driver waits for about 50 ms for a pen input at the same spot within a small threshold.

During this period, all touch data gets temporarily stored in the input driver. Whenever a pen input is noticed, the input driver forwards only the pen input and ignores the touch input. Otherwise, the temporarily stored touch data gets regularly forwarded to the applications. In an embodiment, the sensing device or the present inventoin is used to implement HMI. The HMI technology based on the PyzoFlex technology has the potential of providing touch-input functionality in a low-cost process by printing over large-areas on flexible substrates, optionally with nearly transparent electrodes.

In am embodiment, the basic element of the HMI technology is an array of printed ferroelectric sensor capacitors based on the semicrystalline ferroelectric polymer PVDF- TrFE as the dielectric sandwiched between transparent or IR-absorbing electrodes.

The sensor is sensitive to changes either in pressure due to its piezoelectric nature or in temperature due to its pyroelectric nature. Such printed capacitive sensor array can be integrated monolithically with organic transistors and display elements and further be utilized as a flexible, easy processable, low-cost user interface that can be controlled either by touch or by proximity non-touch.

All layers can be deposited by screen printing. In an embodiment, a new membrane button concept is provided. In particular, the printed piezoelectric polymer can serve as a pressure sensor for inputs and as an actuator for tactile feedback, but also as a loudspeaker enabling acoustic feedback.

As the input device of the present invention is printed, the rigidity of the backbone substrate in combination with the adhesion of the printed PVDF-TrFE affects the vibrational output of the sensor device. This is illustrated in Figure 9. The result is a simple input key with passive haptic feedback based on pressure induced deformation of the keypad which induces charges at the electrodes attached to the active polymer.

The final impression of the feedback given to the user can be freely designed for any purposes and surroundings. The intensity of the feedback signal can be determined by the design of the backbone, the size of the keypads and the signal sent to the sensor. Moreover, it is desirable to optimize the sound response and acoustic pressure of a speaker without effecting the overall key design and functionality.

A preferred embodiment comprises the fabrication of dome-shaped PVDF sensors with optimized stiffness for radiating acoustic waves at specified frequencies and sound levels.

For a piezoelectric multi touch panel, the electrode pattern according to an embodiment of the invention is either an array type with the resolution being limited by the printing process or a triangular type based on a low conducting laminar electrode with higher resolution. Array type multi ' touch panel. In an embodiment of the invention there is provided a multi- touch panel based on a true piezoelectric sensor, especially generated by a low-cost, printable polymer paste.

The embodiments described above can be used for fabricating large area, printed multi- touch sensors for different kinds of user interactions. Since the ferroelectric polymer is transparent in the visible range, it can also be used for fabricating touchscreens by means of transparent electrode materials.

For reliable triggering of single touch-points, an arraylike structure of orthogonally ordered bottom and top electrodes forming piezoelectric active, capacitive areas at the overlapping regions is provided. However, when multi touch gestures are to be captured, the generation of ghost points due charge distribution described by the Kirchhoff s laws becomes difficult in a single layer approach.

In an embodiment of the invention, this problem is addressed not by using a combination of complex and costly electronics and software as, for example, it is done in connection with prior art capacitive touchscreens. This design allows the. This is illustrated in Figure In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a triangulation based. In this embodiment the signals are detected in the corner of the sensor foil and due to a distance-dependent decrease of the sensor signal, being related to the series resistance of the low-conducting electrode, the exact location of the excitation point can be calculated.

By using the sensor structure related to the multi- touch panel as described above, local changes of heat can be detected as well. In combination with suitable processing means, spatially resolved changes of heat can be recorded and analysed.

This technology can be used for the cost efficient fabrication of active laser safety walls, for example for automated laser welding systems or in the vicinity of automated laser fabrication systems exceeding a certain laser class.

For those applications, the thermally sensitive sensor-foil included in the sensing device of the present invention is attached to a passive laser housing typically consisting of a metal plate of appropriate thickness for forwarding the heat generated by a defocused or scattered laser beam directly to the sensor array.

Processing means are provided to decide if and which kind of hazardous event occurs and to initiate an alarm or shut down the laser system if necessary, depending on the signal distribution and amplitude. This also enables an easy replacement of damaged parts after a hazardous event. Further, the spatial resolution of the sensor sheets allows for simplified error diagnostics since the intensity and position of the temperature rise can be revealed by the processing means.

Energy harvester. Because of these characteristics, the sensor can be employed as an energy converter which converts mechanical and thermal energy to electrical energy.

Preferably, the design of the capacitive energy harvester is adapted to the existing surrounding. In particular, the thickness of the active polymer affects the current to voltage ratio and the size of the active area to be excited relates to the amount of generated charge.

For example, using a single HMI-sensor with an area of 0,7 cm 2 , 3nC can be generated in a single touch event.

By adapting the sensor design, the generated energy can be used, for example, to bias a wireless sensor node within a wireless sensor network in an industrial automation surrounding or any appropriate appliance in the context of ambient assisted living.

Intelligent Floor. The sensing device of the present invention is capable of detecting vibrations over a wide frequency spectrum. Accordingly, the sensing device can be used as a microphones, a solid bone sound sensor, or as an acceleration sensor.

In the context of ambient assisted living e. In an embodiment of the invention, the sensing device is attached to a surface, for example the walls or floor of a room in a building. The acoustic sensitivity of the sensing device can be tuned to a certain frequency band by varying its size, shape and thickness. In the field of security applications, certain events e. In the growing field of ubiquitous computing in daily surroundings ambient assisted living , one aspect of growing interest is the "intelligent floor" US 8,, B2.

It will be appreciated that the above described embodiments are described as examples only, and that modifications to these embodiments are included within the scope of the appended claims. Claims 1. A sensing device, comprising:. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one conductive layer comprises at least one of:. The sensing device of any preceding claim, further comprising a plurality of connected first electrodes and a plurality of connected second electrodes with said first sensor layer arranged in between, wherein pairs of overlapping first and second electrodes form capacitors each corresponding to a sensor spot to generate a measurable voltage in response to charge generated in the first sensor layer.

The sensing device of any preceding claim, further comprising a second sensor layer, wherein the second sensor layer is may be provided on the backside of the substrate, in particular by printing, or on top of the first sensor layer, in particular laminated on top of the first sensor layer.

The sensing device of claim 6, wherein the first sensor layer comprises a first a plurality of substantially parallel conductive lines, and the second sensor layer comprises a second plurality of substantially parallel conductive lines, wherein the first and second plurality of lines are rotated relative to one another by a predetermined angle, for example 45 degrees, around an axis that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the first and second plurality of lines.

The sensing device of any preceding claim, comprising dipole containing nano- crystallites. The sensing device of claims 5 and 8, wherein the dipole containing nano- crystallites are aligned vertically to the second plurality of electrodes. The sensing device of any preceding claim, wherein said ferroelectric sensor ink forms an array of printed ferroelectric sensor capacitors, preferably comprising the semicrystalline ferroelectric polymer PVDF-TrFE, formed between transparent or IR- absorbing electrodes.

The sensing device of claim 10 or 11, wherein said substrate comprises a structured substrate, such as a perforated film, or a polymer film with cavities, for example fabricated by hot embossing or imprinting. The sensing device of any of claim 10 to 12, further comprising imprinted dome- shaped sensors, in particular PVDF sensors. The sensing device of claim 15, comprising processing means to subtract sensor signals from the first and second arrays of electrodes to identify touch locations.

The sensing device of any of claims 10 to 14, wherein said electrodes comprise low conductivity laminar electrodes. The sensing device of claim 17, comprising processing means to identify touch locations based on triangulation.

The sensing device of any preceding claim contained in a laser safety wall. The sensing device of claim 19, wherein the sensing device is attached to a passive laser housing. The sensing device of claim 19 or 20, in connection with processing means for processing output signals of the sensing device and, in response to output signals indicative of an event, for generating a signal to trigger a predetermined response, for example an alarm or the shutting down of an associated laser system.

The sensing device of claim 22, wherein the energy is used to bias a wireless sensor node within a wireless network. The sensing device of claim 22 or 23, wherein the sensing device is provided to implement a microphone, a solid bone sensor, or an acceleration sensor.

The sensing device of any of claims 22 to 24, wherein the sensing device is attached to the surface of a building or integrated in a floor. A processing device for processing a signal generated by the sensing device of any preceding claim, the processing device comprising at least:.

The processing device of claim 27 or 28, wherein the operational amplifier is formed by an impedance converter. The loose end of the cord falls down the center of the window, where it may be attached to a cleat or otherwise suitably held when the blind is raised. F is a curved guide-rod fastened at each end to the outer ends of brackets G, attached to the bottom easement near each side and standing out atright angles thereto.

These brackets form rests for the slats when down. The guide-rod F follows the curve of the arch slightly inside the ends of the slats ct, but continually approaches the window toward the top, where it is held by the bracket H. By means of the guide-rod F the first slat d, as it is raised by the cord B, dragging the rest of the slats one after the other after it, is gradually forced inwardly toward the window, thus giving a snug lit when raised.

It will be noticed that either blind may be raised independently of the other and may be adjusted to any intermediate height. The slats are made sufficiently heavy that when IOS. The rst slat is shown in full lines in the act of being raised in Fig. I show the blinds and all their attachments fixed to the easement of the arched Window, which may be opened for ventilation by being horizontally swung on a central pivot or other- Wise, carrying the blind with it.



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