Usn 52 operating manual

It indicates the dB amount by which the flaw echo falls below or exceeds the reference echo. Calibrating the sensitivity B B is of great help for sensitivity calibration. With B you store a reference echo as a basis for your measurement and amplitude evaluation. Operation: Couple the probe and peak the reference echo, Adjust the gain so that the echo reaches the required height. Position Gate a on the reference echo. This must be the highest echo in the gate, Press B. The reference echo is now stored.

The value is reset by pressing again. The amplitude evaluation of echo indications is now carried out in relation to the first reference echo. In this regard, the gain is varied as a function of the time of flight in such a way that the echoes appear equally high on the display irrespective of their distance.

This means that the echo amplitude now only depends on the reflection characteristic of the flaw. If you use a calibration block provided with artificial flaws corresponding to the natural flaws of your test object for recording the DAC, you can use this echo amplitude for the evaluation of the reflector without having to make any other corrections. The calibration block should be made of the same material as the test object.

Each artificial flaw is scanned, the echo is peaked and then recorded. Due to the angle of beam spread of the sound beam and the sound attenuation in the material, the echo height of equally sized reflectors depends on their distance to the probe. During this, the instrument sets the gain to the gain value of the highest echo.

Echoes from the test object are now evaluated in relation to a reference echo. The two settings DAC and TCG can only be switched on if a curve was recorded beforehand, or if a data set containing a curve was recalled. A curve that possibly already exists is deleted. This function is repeated here because it is required for recording a curve and for the echo evaluation.

Operation: Before starting to record a reference curve, you have to carry out a correct instrument calibration first. A Attention: Recording of a new curve will delete a curve that possibly already exists.

If necessary, make sure that the old curve is stored in a free data set before you start recording a new curve! Use C to go to the function group DAC.

Peak the next reference cho. Couple the probe to the reference block and peak the first reference echo. The gate threshold must be adjusted so that the echo exceeds it. Position the gate onto the echo and readjust the gain if required until the echo exceeds the threshold. You will now already recognize that there is a curve between the amplitude of the first echo and the gaincorrected amplitude of the second echo.

Continue to proceed in this way until all available reference echoes are recorded. All reference echoes will now be at approx. All echoes will from now on be evaluated in relation to the reference height dBR ; this is the height of the first reference echo.

To be on the safe side, store this setting in a free data set. Choose the echo amplitude as dB difference to the curve using the T V -keys for an enlarged representation in the A-scan. It only applies to the same probe that was used for recording the curve. Not even another probe of the same type must be used!

All functions affecting the echo amplitude must be set as they were during recording of the curve. DAC mode Peak the echo of an assumed flaw and shift the gate so that the echo data are evaluated. You can read the sound path in the measurement line and, in addition with angle-beam probes, the reduced projection distance and the flaw depth. You can immediately see from the A-scan whether or not the echo has to be recorded. The recording threshold violations in dB can also be easily determined: Adjust the gate threshold exactly to the point of intersection of the curve with the assumed flaw indication.

The enlarged reading in the A-scan indicates the amount of dB by which the flaw echo exceeds the curve, i. A Attention: An echo amplitude evaluation as measurement of the difference to the reference echo is only possible if the reference height height of the first reference echo stored during the reference echo recording still applies.

If another echo is stored as reference echo with [dBRef] after recording of the curve, the original reference echo is lost. The enlarged reading in the A-scan dBR indicates the amount in dB by which the flaw echo exceeds or falls below the reference echo.

The result of an amplitude evaluation is not affected by a gain variation, i. If this is the case, then you need for a flaw evaluation again the reference block with which the Distance-Amplitude Curve was recorded. After switching-on of the TCG mode, all echoes from the reference flaws reach the height of the first reference echo. In addition, you can position the gate over the entire evaluation range so that each echo is directly measured.

Peak the echo from an assumed flaw. If necessary, increase the gain until the echo exceeds the gate threshold. The measured value is directly displayed. One of the following two methods of measurement is used, depending on the application:.

Clean the surface of the test object from dirt and any loose particles Apply couplant to the surface of the test object Using slight and even pressure, couple the probe. Measurement of the multi-echo sequence with a single- element probe on a test object which has a good surface on both sides. You can store the displayed measurement values in the Data Logger or transfer them into another instrument via the RS interface.

Calibrate A-scan display Calibrate the USN 52 R for the selected probe and the measurement mode refer to previous section. The Data Logger helps you to store and manage your measurement results. These are saved even when the batteries are removed. The stored measured values can be: displayed. However, you can also select another measurement location. All the following measured values are consecutively filed until all measurement locations are full or until you select another FILE or measurement location.

Change to the second operating level and select the function group for the Data Logger. If the instrument was switched off or if the Data Logger was selected, then the FILE number last selected is automatically active.

In order to select another number:. Simultaneously press M when the required number is displayed. The memory is correspondingly set up. Change to the second operating level and select the function group of the Data Logger. The active status of each FILE number is displayed:.

All cleared data are irrevocably lost. Therefore, transfer the data to a PC or printer beforehand if necessary. A measured value is only stored if it is not equal to 0 and if the active measurement location is empty. To start with, set the following values:. Operation: Change to the second operating level and select the function group for the Data Logger.

The thickness value is displayed in the A-scan mode at the top right-hand side. The next measured value will be stored here. All deleted data are irretrievably lost! VAL: the value which is stored on the displayed measurement location. Operation: Press A to store the measured value. H Note: You should transfer data to a PC in order to save them permanently. You can order the software which is required for data transfer from Krautkrmer refer to Chapter 2.

You can select each measurement location and have the values displayed which are stored there. The following appear as measurement location status:. You can clear the displayed reading and, if necessary, store a new value at this measurement location.

Operation in the A-scan mode: Select the value to be cleared as described above. Simultaneously press U and keep the keys pressed for about 3 seconds. Storing must be repeated. Operation from the second operating level: Select the value to be deleted, as described above. With T or V select the required measurement location. The value stored there appears at VAL.

Operation from the second operating level: Select the function group containing the Data Logger. They are compiled into two function tables. Press X to change from the first to the second operating level and back again. The currently active table of the lower operating level appears.

Press T or V to change between function tables of the second operating level. In this function you either switch the display graticule on or off. In doing this, you are able to directly read off the echo positions and heights.

Operation: Highlight the left function group in the left function table with JC. The currently active setting is displayed. In this function you determine how the amplitude of the highest echo is to be displayed in the gate. With M select the required setting. To do this, you can switch between two brightness positions: HIGH. When calibrating the display range, you can select between two fixed sound velocity values in the coarse mode. In this function you determine which values are available for selection.

In this function you enter your own value for the adjustable step. You are able to enter a step range between 6. Highlight the center function group in the left function table with I.

In this function you can activate the gate and select the criteria for triggering the gate alarm. The following settings are available:. Both gates only evaluate within the visible part of the display range.

If there are gates or parts of gates outside the visible part of the display range, then a gate evaluation will not be made there. With M select the required gate setting.

However, there is no alarm with threshold violation. You can also select specific measured values here. The indicated functions are:. FULL: before file number No measurement locations free Operation: Hightlight the right function group in the left function table with I. Clearing the measured value: Highlight the right function group in the left function table with I.

If necessary, press M for about 3 seconds in order to clear the displayed reading. Operation: Highlight the right function group in the left function table with I. With M alternately enable and disable the Data Logger. The following languages are available:. UNITS Setting the measurement units In this function you enter the measurement units in which the instrument is to operate.

If the measurement units are changed at a later time, the values are automatically converted. However, in order to work with rounded off values, you should set the measurement units at the beginning of the test. You can define so-called active fields which are automatically filled in with data e. Data set names You can give the instrument settings data sets alphanumeric names which are also stored. In doing this you are able to identify your data. The data set number remains the clear identification e.

The names can consist of up to a maximum of 8 characters. The MEMO function of the instrument gives further possibilities for a better documentation of test results data sets.

You can either type and store a text max. Unlike the text that can be freely edited, a data header is structured and consists of individual fields which are automatically or manually filled in with additional information. You can determine the structure of the header number of fields, field lenghts and field names by means of remote con When the MEMO function is switched on, the menu for the entry of additional data texts or header data appears each time a data set is stored.

This menu is always also accessible via the second operating level. Operation: Highlight the left function group in the center function table using JC. Select the required data set number with M. In the two lower lines you will see letters, numbers and characters which you can use for the data set name. To enter the required text, start by selecting the entry position in each case, and then select the character which should be inserted at this position.

The entry position and character are always marked by a flashing cursor. You can enter all required characters in any chosen order. Press the keys T or V in order to change the entry position. Press the keys N or O next to the corresponding character string in order to select a character. The flashing cursor changes the string automatically. The highlighted character is immediately inserted at the entry position.

Finally, press the key X to store the entries. The data set name is now stored together with the data set number and also appears in the function group MEM in the first operating level. The cursor flashes at the entry position of the inverted field of the menu. You can overwrite characters that have already been entered simply by marking the corresponding position and selecting another character. Operation: Mark the right function group in the center function table with I.

A total of 12 data sets are displayed. A further group of 12 data sets is displayed using the U keys; V selects the following group, T the previous group. You can select one of the displayed data sets in the directory: Mark the column with I. Press the corresponding M keys. Using the function group MEM in the first operating. The directory function can be exited at any time by pressing X or F.

MEMO Storing additional information You can store additional information on every data set, either as freely formulated text max. If the MEMO function is activated, the menu for entering additional information texts or header data appears each time a data set is stored. Operation: Select a data set as described in the previous section. Highlight the center function group in the right-hand function table with I. You will see the menu for the entry of additional information allocated to the selected data set.

Entering texts In the two lower lines you will see letters, numbers and characters that you can use for the texts. To enter the required text, start by selecting the entry position in each case, and then select the character that should be inserted at this position.

The entry position and character are each marked by a flashing cursor. If a data header was defined for the entry of additional information, you will see e. You only need the TAB character for the entry in a data header. Press the keys T or V to change the entry position. Finally, press the key X to store all entries.

The additional information is now stored together with the data set number. If the MEMO function was used for the selected data set, you will see the first 46 characters of the entered additional information instead of the menu bar in the PREVIEW mode the first operating level. Filling in a data header In the two lower lines you will see letters, numbers and characters that you can use for the texts. Above it, you will see four other lines: two lines containing the labelings of the selectable fields, each of the lines below them are used for text entries.

Depending on the data header configuration, some fields are already automatically filled in with data from the currently active A-scan. You cannot select these fields. To enter the required text, start by selecting a field and then the entry position in each case, and continue by selecting the character to be inserted at that position.

Operation: Press the keys N or O next to the corresponding character string in order to select a character. Press the keys T or V to change the entry position within a field. The cursor flashes under TAB. Press the keys N or O next to the entry strings to select another field. Fields that are automatically filled in with data cannot be selected, and they are skipped. In the center function group of the right table you will find all functions for setting the serial interface RS If you connect a peripheral to the instrument via the RS interface, you must always ensure that both interfaces are configurated the same.

This is the only to guarantee error-free communication. You can make the following settings for data transfer the default setting is indicated in bold type :. Highlight the center function group in the center function table with I. Printer type Additionally, you select in this function the printer for which the printouts are formatted:. Select the required printer driver with M.

Simultaneously press N and O again in order to exit this function. The following values are indicated on the display: Sound path Reduced projection distance: The distance from the front edge of the probe to the location of the flaw, projected on the surface Depth: Distance from flaw location to surface The illustration on the next page shows the relationship between these values.

With U go to center function table. All the necessary functions are available in the right group. You must set the value of the applied probe in order to enable automatic flaw location evaluation. In order to disable the flaw location calculation, press N and O simultaneously or set the function to OFF. H Note: If you are working with an angle-beam probe and set the ANGLE function then, depending on the number of echo reflections, a symbol will be displayed in the status line:. In this function you set the distance from the beam index point to the front edge of the probe refer to the diagram on the previous page.

This is determined mechanically with a ruler. The setting of the X-value is necessary when the instrument is to determine the reduced projection distance. To enable the instrument to make the corresponding correction of reduced projection distance and depth, you have to enter the outside diameter of the test object at this point.

If you want to make the flaw position calculation for plane-parallel test objects, the function O-DIAM has to be set to infinite. If O-DIAM is set to a value other than infinite, the following status indicator will appear on the screen:. With U select the value which is to be indicated in enlarged figures on the display. Operation: Use M to set the outside diameter of the test object in O-DIAM, or select infinite if you are testing plane-parallel test objects.

H Note No values for P, PR and D are displayed if, according to geometrical conditions, the sound beam does not hit the inner surface of the workpiece.

Automatic calibration The functions for automatic calibration are in the right function table:. You have three possibilities: OFF: No measurement. The measurement results are displayed in the measurement line. The corresponding symbol will appear in the status line:. With the setting Flank, the time of flight is derived from the first echo and the amplitude is derived from the highest echo within the gate.

Operation: Use I to highlight the left function group in the right function table. You have two possibilities: Flank: You measure the time of flight up to the first echo at the first intersection point with the gate. H Note: The measurement results are displayed in the measurement line. Peak: You measure the time of flight up to the highest echo at the maximum amplitude.

If there is a distinct maximum amplitude, you should always select the setting Peak, because in that case the readings are independent of the set gain. You will avoid node errors e. You must have selected the same TOF setting for the calibration. Using the following check list, you are always able to carry out an instrument function check.

If you should find an error or defect, send the complete instrument, together with a brief description of the roblem, to the nearest authorized Krautkrmer AfterSales Service. Press G. When you press G once again, the functions are unlocked. Both LEDs light. The Krautkramer logo appears after 2 seconds. A-scan appears after 4 seconds. Display and LEDs remain blank. Initial pulse and 5 other echoes are displayed. All echoes must be displayed approximately ver tically.

With a linear sweep the peak shows the: 1st Echo at Div. Echos 2 to 5 are consecutively suppressed. Only the initial pulse and the 1st echo at Div. Suppression Reject For settings see 2. Vertical linearity For settings see 2. Determine the height at the last measured value, if required, by comparison with the graticule because values below the gate are not displayed. The echo drops in each case to approx.

Damping For settings see 2. Resolution test There should be no rise in the sweep between For settings see 2. Also: the trailing flank of the delay echo and the RANGE: 5 mm rising flank of the 1st backwall echo. N30 in receiver socket and repeat. Rectification For settings see Press H. Gate threshold For settings see 2.

Echo display appears. Echo display and settings must correspond to the condition when stored. Thickness measurement For settings see 2. A sound path between 48 mm and 52 mm must be displayed in the measurement line. In addition to this, all settings of the active data set can be printed out for documention purposes. In cases of doubt, refer to the technical specifications of the connected device.

This is the only way to ensure error-free communication. You can select the following printers:. When A is pressed, a measured value is transferred to the Data Logger. Select the required printer with M.

By activation of A you can transfer the data to a printer or to the Data Logger. The program is designed for a number of dialog languages, it is supported by Windows and has a common graphics user interface as well as an internal text editor for numerous dialog languages.

All data can be further processed with normal word processing or DTP programs. Information with regard to the reliable use of this program is contained in a detailed operating manual. The instrument can be easily cleaned because, due to the membrane keypad, there are no protruding parts on which dirt could collect.

We advise you to only use a damp cloth to clean the instrument and the necessary accessories. Only use water or a mild household cleaning agent. The NiCd cells should be charged in the following cases: before operating the instrument for the first time, after a prolonged storage time approx.

Only use the types recommended by us refer to Chapter 2. Set the charge switch in the battery compartment of the instrument to NiCd charging. The batteries are fully charged after 6 to 7 hours. A Attention: Only use the batteries recommended by us. Inexpert handling of batteries and charger can cause danger of explosion. Remove the batteries from the instrument if it has not been in operation for a long time. Do not charge NiCd cells until they are discharged to the automatic cutout point in normal operation.

Excess charging with a current which is too high can cause capacity losses of the NiCd cells. Only leakproof batteries may be used, and they are to be removed when the automatic instrument cutoff is activated. Always remember to set the switch in the battery compartment to ALK in order to avoid charging AlMn cells.

H Note: Used batteries are special waste and must be disposed of in accordance to statutory regulations! For the sake of the environment, we recommend that you use rechargeable batteries. It enables data transfer to an external device, e. The instrument can also receive data transferred from a PC. All keyboard controls and functions are accessible. The measurement report and other data can be transferred using A.

The table opposite gives an overlook into RS output possibilities of the instrument. H Note: Use the correct connection cable for each peripheral. Refer to Chapter 2. Interfaces, Peripherals Layout of 4 pin Lemo socket charger socket, switching output Pin 1. The corresponding connection cable is given in Chapter 2. To have correctly operating data communication between the instrument and the peripheral, the parameters belonging to the interface and the peripheral must be adjusted to each other.

The necessary settings are given in the operating manual of your peripheral device. You can print the active display contents by pressing A. Connect the printer connection cable into the RS socket of the instrument. If necessary readjust the transfer parameters as described. If required, extend the A-Scan with L. If required, expand the gate range over the whole display with H. The 24 column report format is compatible with all serial 24, 40 80 or column printers if the correct connection cable is used.

When the contents of the display are presented as you would like to have them printed then activate printing with A. The keypad remains disabled until the printing sequence has finished.

If you wish to print the contents of the active measurement set from the A-Scan, return to the AScan display. Activate printing with A. Empty measurement locations and files are not printed. The printed files remain stored after printing. Data Logger report format The report format of the Data Logger is always the same irrespective of whether the data is transferred to a printer or to a PC.

The transfer sequence of data to a PC is described in the following section. On the next page you will see an example for a Data Logger report with a brief description of the information contained in the individual sections of the report.

There is space for the operator to enter: company name, file name, operator ID, type of probe used, date and comments. If a large number of readings have been recorded, a transmission delay may occur while statistics are calculated. If a reading error has been damaged or corrupted in memory, it is not used in the calculations and ERROR is transmitted in the readings section of the report in place of the original value.

If the same value occurs in more than one location, all locations are reported. MEAN: The sample mean average of all measurements in the file. Each measurement line has three parts: 1. File location number 2. Thickness value stored in the file location. Empty locations are not transmitted. MM millimeters IN inches. Values are transmitted in the unit of measure to which the instrument is set at the time the report is transmitted.

The instrument uses a parity flag to test the validity of each measurement as it is recalled for transmission. Damaged measurement values are not used in calculating statistics.

A corresponding adapter is supplied for 9 pin serial interfaces. Data transfer to a PC is made exactly the same as described on the previous page concerning the transfer of a report to a printer. On the following page you will find an overlook concerning the data formats by transfer of single measurement values.

The data format is dependent on the selected unit of measure and the resolution:. Instructions for Using Singer Electric Sewing Machines and , , singerinstructions. Underway Replenishment , Naval Warfare Publication A classic manual of seamanship under sail or steam from very near the end of the age of sail. Canadian Forces "O" Class Training Notebooks , include over pages on all aspects of the Oberon class submarines. Swedish Export Submarines , Hans Ellerstrom, Submarine Qualification Book - Mark 37 Torpedo , is a section of an officers qualification book describing the tactics used with an electric homing torpedo.

It is considered a masterpiece of mechanical computing design. This describes the circular slide rule commonly know as an "is-was" used to calculate an approach and attack by an submarine. This describes the hand operated torpedo angle solver commonly called a "banjo". It is used to calculate the gyro angle when the Torpedo Data Computer is not available. The manuals for the gun are in the ordnance section below. The Submarine Commander's Handbook , "U. Submarine Medicine Practice , This was prepared for the training and orientation of medical personnel to the problems associated with diving and submarine life.

It provides an insight into the life aboard submarines. This includes many stories, typical medical supplies, as well as history. Gruner is a summary of the U. Standard Submarine Phraseology , describes a set of uniform voice procedures and phraseology for use throughout the U. WW II submarine fleet. Submarine Information and Instruction Manual , was used for training on board S-class built submarines. Demolition Outfit Mark for Submarines , O. Submarine Periscope Type 2 , Be sure to also check the Fleetsub Periscope training manual.

Submarine Periscope Type 4 , Describes the type 2E attack periscope used during the Cold War. Many of these have been donated to museums for display periscopes. Periscope Motion-Picture Camera 16mm. Describes early submarine periscopes. Target Bearing Transmitter, Mark 8 , O. Target Bearing Transmitter, Mark 9 , O. Telescopes Mark 90 Mods. Describes the waterproof binoculars used on the TBTs and five inch 25 cal guns. Submarine Sanctuaries Bombing And Attack Restrictions , shows how submarines and allied aircraft were supposed to be deconflicted.

Unfortunately we also know that there were numerous friendly fire incidents during WW II. Also see Drawing showing use of the Submarine Rescue Chamber. Destroyer Steam Propulsion Manual , This describes the operation of one of the most common manual gun mounts of WW II. Describes the destroyer, deck mounted torpedo tube of WW II. Submarine Recognition Manual , ca. Principles of Guided Missiles and Nuclear Weapons , This was created to introduce ROTC officers to these weapons and their effects.

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Mine Disposal Handbook , , was created by the U. It covers all forms of underwater ordnance, not just mines. Surface Pyrotechnics and Projectors , Ordnance Pamphlet , , describes modified fireworks used by surface ships, submarines and merchant ships. These are used for used for signaling, marking, or illuminating objects. Navy catalog of missile launchers, rocket launchers, depth charge projectors, and related equipment.

Index of Ordnance Publications, OP 0. This is the place to find out what manuals you are missing. Navy , Some of these classic British instruments were kept in use over 50 years. The Gunnery Pocket Book, B. If your instrument is on, Page Display - the value highlighted in the measurement line is overlaid on the display. Status line Symbols appear here which indicate certain settings, e. Page 38 Basics of operation Display Menu line The function groups in the first operating level are dis- played here.

The selected group is inverted. Page Keypad Function keys — Below: for function group selection and for switching over between operating levels. Function Backlight - Switches the display backlight on and off. They are compiled into function groups allocated to certain operation tasks. In order to change between the function groups, press J or C. The measurement units for all settings — mm or inches — can be selected in the second operating level.

The setting, given in percent, indicates the height that echoes have to reach in order to be displayed in the first place. Gate b is only required for the measurement or calibration of multi-echo sequences and enables the measurement of the distance between two echoes. H Note: In order to obtain the correct setting, you must have selected the display range, according to the test task, in the function group BASIC beforehand.

Page 58 mtl vel. In this way you are able to recognize which mode of adjustment you have selected. The instrument calculates all interval and distance indications using the values which have been set here.

When the sequence is finished, the display automatically changes to OFF. Depending on the material and the dimensions of the test object, the sound velocity and the calibration range have to be set and the probe delay taken into consider- ation. Page Calibration With A Straight-Beam Probe sound path between the two backwall echoes corresponds to the actual thickness of the test object. If necessary, you have to readjust the gate parameters.

Example: — Carry out calibration on a 25 mm thick test piece for a calibration range of mm. You apply these echoes for calibration the same as the backwall echoes described above which come from a plane-parallel calibration piece with vertical beaming.

When applying these probes ob H Note Page Calibrating The Sensitivity — Position the gate onto the required echo. The dB difference is now displayed in the measurement line. It indicates the dB amount by which the flaw echo falls below or exceeds the reference echo. You will now already recognize that there is a curve between the amplitude of the first echo and the gain- corrected amplitude of the second echo.

Page 74 DAC curve. Page Dac Mode The enlarged reading in the A-scan indicates the amount of dB by which the flaw echo exceeds the curve, i. Page Tcg Mode — Peak the echo from an assumed flaw.

If necessary, increase the gain until the echo exceeds the gate threshold. Page Measuring Thickness 5. The measured value is directly displayed.

Therefore, transfer the data to a PC or printer beforehand if necessary. Operation: — Change to the second operating level and select the function group for the Data Logger. They are compiled into two function tables. In doing this, you are able to directly read off the echo positions and heights. Operation: — Highlight the left function group in the left function table with JC. Page 89 — Highlight the left function group in the left function table with I. In this function you determine which values are avail- able for selection.

Page 91 Operation: — Highlight the center function group in the left function table with I. You can also select specific measured values here. Operation: — Highlight the right function group in the left function table with I. Page 94 Operation: — Highlight the left function group in the center function table with I.